Case Law

A reform in the field of consumer-related group actions enlarged its scope1 to housing law.2   The legislature also amended the personal data collective action rules3. When the GDPR was previously transposed into French law, associations we...

One of the first measures adopted in Spain to address the COVID-19 crisis was a widespread suspension of time limits and court proceedings, including hearings and trials. The stay ended on 3 June 2020, albeit further regulation was adopted...

On 7 July 2020, the Supreme Court handed down a judgment in relation to the scope of consumer association declaratory actions concerning unfair contract terms, in a case relating to interest swaps. The decision resolves a collective claim f...

On 1 January 2020, the Dutch Act on Collective damages claims ("WAMCA") entered into force. It applies to claims that are based on events that occurred on or after 15 November 2016. The new Dutch collective action regime makes it possible f...

Danish Act on Restructuring and Resolution of Certain Financial Enterprises (Law No. 333 of 31 March 2015)  On 17 December 2020, the Danish Parliament adopted an amendment to the Danish Act on Restructuring and Resolution of Certain Financi...

Act of 30 March 2018 amending the Code of Economic Law as regards the extension of the scope of the action for collective redress to SMEs  The concept of class action was introduced into Belgian law by the Act of 28 March 2014, providing fo...

Draft bill of 2021 of the German Federal  Government Given the increasing number of legal professionals taking advantage of the registration as debt collectors, the Federal Government has published a draft bill1 which seeks to align lawyers...

Act CXIX of 2020 on the Amendment of the Code of Civil Procedure  In 2016, the Hungarian legislator adopted a new Civil Procedure Code (CCP) that entered into force on January 1, 2018. While the CCP aimed to increase efficiency of lawsuits...

Scotland   In Scotland, August 2020 saw the introduction of the country's first collective action procedure – Act of Sederunt (Rules of the Court of Session 1994 Amendment) (Group Proceedings) 2020 – which allows for a nominated representat...

In the Netherlands, the statutory collective action regime of Article 3:305a Dutch Civil Code is supplemented by 'bundling' mechanisms that have been developed by the market. The common feature of these mechanisms is that individual claiman...